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Ingredients

Thymus Extract

Thymomodulin · Thymic extract · Thymus glandular

Snapshot

IndicationsContraindications
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease1
  • Infections during chemotherapy2
  • Chemotherapy-related myelotoxicity2
  • Childhood asthma attacks3
  • Immune markers in athletes4
  • Chronic hepatitis C5
  • Pregnancy or lactation6

Thymus extract, also called thymomodulin, is a calf-derived peptide preparation that acts on T-lymphocyte maturation and function7. It is taken for immune support, and the uses follow from that effect: fewer exacerbations in chronic bronchitis, fewer infections during chemotherapy, and prevention of childhood asthma attacks. Hepatitis C is a further use, with mixed results.

A Cochrane review of immunostimulants, thymomodulin among them, found more participants free of exacerbations and fewer needing antibiotics in chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease1. In a 1998 randomized, placebo-controlled trial, an oral thymic formula did not change viral load in patients previously treated with interferon. Most products are capsules sold as single-ingredient extracts or inside multi-ingredient formulas; see Form comparison.

Last updated October 16, 2026. Read how we make monographs.

In the full monograph

44 sources, 34 studies

  • When to useThe situations practitioners use it for, each with the reason and the study behind it.
  • SafetyWho should avoid it, who needs extra care, and the side effects reported in studies.
  • Protocol notesThe doses used in studies, how and when they were taken, and how the forms on the market compare.
  • How it worksWhat it is and how it works in the body, in plain terms.
  • Published studiesThe studies behind each use, popular claims checked against them, and trials still under way.
  • Word of mouthWhat patients and practitioners report online, kept separate from the clinical evidence.
  • Clinical perspectiveA closing read of where the evidence is solid, where it is thin, and what has not been studied.

Sources

  1. 1Immunostimulants versus placebo for preventing exacerbations in adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govFraser, Poole · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022 · Pubmed
  2. 2Effect of thymic extract 'thymostimulin' on the incidence of infections and myelotoxicity during adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govIaffaioli, Frasci, Tortora et al. · Thymus · 1988 · Pubmed
  3. 3[A thymus extract (thymomodulin) in the prevention of childhood asthma].pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govGenova, Guerra · La Pediatria medica e chirurgica : Medical and surgical pediatrics · 1983 · Pubmed
  4. 4Immunological patterns during regular intensive training in athletes: quantification and evaluation of a preventive pharmacological approach.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govGaragiola, Buzzetti, Cardella et al. · The Journal of international medical research · 1995 · Pubmed
  5. 5Complementary and alternative therapies in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a systematic review.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govCoon, Ernst · Journal of hepatology · 2004 · Pubmed
  6. 6US product labelsdsld.od.nih.govWarnings printed on US dietary supplement labels with this ingredient, from the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements' Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD). Manufacturers' precautions, not evidence of harm
  7. 7Update and future perspectives of a thymic biological response modifier (Thymomodulin).pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govCazzola, Mazzanti, Kouttab · Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology · 1987 · Pubmed