Thymus Extract
Thymomodulin · Thymic extract · Thymus glandular
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Thymus extract, also called thymomodulin, is a calf-derived peptide preparation that acts on T-lymphocyte maturation and function7. It is taken for immune support, and the uses follow from that effect: fewer exacerbations in chronic bronchitis, fewer infections during chemotherapy, and prevention of childhood asthma attacks. Hepatitis C is a further use, with mixed results.
A Cochrane review of immunostimulants, thymomodulin among them, found more participants free of exacerbations and fewer needing antibiotics in chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease1. In a 1998 randomized, placebo-controlled trial, an oral thymic formula did not change viral load in patients previously treated with interferon. Most products are capsules sold as single-ingredient extracts or inside multi-ingredient formulas; see Form comparison.
Last updated October 16, 2026. Read how we make monographs.
In the full monograph
44 sources, 34 studies
- When to useThe situations practitioners use it for, each with the reason and the study behind it.
- SafetyWho should avoid it, who needs extra care, and the side effects reported in studies.
- Protocol notesThe doses used in studies, how and when they were taken, and how the forms on the market compare.
- How it worksWhat it is and how it works in the body, in plain terms.
- Published studiesThe studies behind each use, popular claims checked against them, and trials still under way.
- Word of mouthWhat patients and practitioners report online, kept separate from the clinical evidence.
- Clinical perspectiveA closing read of where the evidence is solid, where it is thin, and what has not been studied.
Sources
- 1Immunostimulants versus placebo for preventing exacerbations in adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govFraser, Poole · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022 · Pubmed
- 2Effect of thymic extract 'thymostimulin' on the incidence of infections and myelotoxicity during adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govIaffaioli, Frasci, Tortora et al. · Thymus · 1988 · Pubmed
- 3[A thymus extract (thymomodulin) in the prevention of childhood asthma].pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govGenova, Guerra · La Pediatria medica e chirurgica : Medical and surgical pediatrics · 1983 · Pubmed
- 4Immunological patterns during regular intensive training in athletes: quantification and evaluation of a preventive pharmacological approach.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govGaragiola, Buzzetti, Cardella et al. · The Journal of international medical research · 1995 · Pubmed
- 5Complementary and alternative therapies in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a systematic review.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govCoon, Ernst · Journal of hepatology · 2004 · Pubmed
- 6US product labelsdsld.od.nih.govWarnings printed on US dietary supplement labels with this ingredient, from the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements' Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD). Manufacturers' precautions, not evidence of harm
- 7Update and future perspectives of a thymic biological response modifier (Thymomodulin).pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govCazzola, Mazzanti, Kouttab · Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology · 1987 · Pubmed