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Ingredients

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

ATP supplementation · Adenosine 5'-triphosphate supplementation · Adenosine triphosphate supplementation · PEAK ATP · Oral adenosine 5'-triphosphate · Oral adenosine triphosphate · Oral ATP

Snapshot

IndicationsContraindications
  • Resistance training adaptation1
  • Muscle strength and power1
  • Recovery after overreaching1
  • Post-exercise hypotension2
  • Heart rate variability recovery2

    Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the cellular energy-carrying molecule, and oral ATP disodium is taken for its proposed vasodilatory and muscle-performance effects3. Use centers on resistance-trained adults seeking strength, power, and training adaptation. It is also used around exercise in hypertensive adults, for post-exercise blood pressure and autonomic recovery.

    In a 12-week randomized placebo-controlled trial of resistance-trained men, supplementation increased strength, jump power, and muscle thickness, and lowered protein breakdown during overreaching1. The authors later answered questions about discrepancies across their related publications. A small crossover-style trial in hypertensive women found greater post-exercise systolic hypotension and faster heart rate variability recovery. In 2022, a phase IIb randomized trial of intravenous ATP infusions in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease found them feasible and safe, with only marginal efficacy differences from placebo. Many products list ATP, typically as capsules, tablets, or powders, often combined with other ingredients; see Form comparison.

    Intravenous ATP also serves as a coronary vasodilator in stress cardiac imaging, a setting distinct from oral supplementation4. United States (US) product labels carry a general request to consult a physician with a medical condition, pregnancy, or lactation5.

    Last updated October 17, 2026. Read how we make monographs.

    In the full monograph

    21 sources, 15 studies

    • When to useThe situations practitioners use it for, each with the reason and the study behind it.
    • SafetyWho should avoid it, who needs extra care, and the side effects reported in studies.
    • Protocol notesThe doses used in studies, how and when they were taken, and how the forms on the market compare.
    • How it worksWhat it is and how it works in the body, in plain terms.
    • Published studiesThe studies behind each use, popular claims checked against them, and trials still under way.
    • Word of mouthWhat patients and practitioners report online, kept separate from the clinical evidence.
    • Clinical perspectiveA closing read of where the evidence is solid, where it is thin, and what has not been studied.
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    Sources

    1. 1Effects of oral adenosine-5'-triphosphate supplementation on athletic performance, skeletal muscle hypertrophy and recovery in resistance-trained men.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govWilson, Joy, Lowery et al. · Nutrition & metabolism · 2013 · Pubmed
    2. 2Oral adenosine 5'-triphosphate supplementation improved hemodynamic and autonomic parameters after exercise in hypertensive women.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govde Freitas, Ricci-Vitor, Freire et al. · Journal of exercise rehabilitation · 2018 · Pubmed
    3. 3Treatment with Oral ATP decreases alternating hemiplegia of childhood with de novo ATP1A3 Mutation.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govJu, Hirose, Shi et al. · Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2016 · Pubmed
    4. 4Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine cause similar vasodilator effect in patients undergoing stress perfusion cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govGarcía-Baizán, Millor, Bartolomé et al. · The international journal of cardiovascular imaging · 2019 · Pubmed
    5. 5US product labelsdsld.od.nih.govWarnings printed on US dietary supplement labels with this ingredient, from the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements' Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD). Manufacturers' precautions, not evidence of harm